----BEGIN CLASS---- [13:36] #startclass [13:36] ssach96: [13:36] bhavin192: I have /dev/null [13:36] Your computer's fast wrik003 [13:36] Roll Call [13:36] Jason Braganza [13:36] Naveej Ahamed [13:36] Amit Kokitkar [13:36] Priyanka Sharma [13:36] Atul kumar [13:36] Abhishek Singh [13:36] Robin Schubert [13:36] Akash pathak [13:36] Devesh Verma [13:36] Prashant K. Sharma [13:36] Aditya khowala [13:36] deep [13:36] Santosh Kumar Shaw [13:36] Saikat Dey [13:36] Deepika Upadhyay [13:36] Wrik Bhadra [13:36] Rahul Jha [13:36] Shivam Sharma [13:36] Nisha Rani [13:36] Anu Kumari Gupta [13:36] Razy Kased [13:36] Sayan Chowdhury [13:36] Sachin singh [13:36] Abhinav Shirur [13:36] Ravindra Lakal [13:36] Bhavin Gandhi [13:36] Samridhi Agarwal [13:36] Amarjeet Singh [13:36] Chiranjeev Gupta [13:36] Arush Salil [13:36] Sakshi Saraswat [13:36] Mohit Bansal [13:36] Nishanta Sarma [13:36] Dhairyya Agarwal [13:36] Pritam Bankar [13:36] Shankar Jha [13:36] Soumam Banerjee [13:36] Zeba Karin [13:36] Deepak Chethan [13:36] Balaji [13:36] kumar vipin yadav [13:36] <{tHEbIgtHEb}> Bhargav Voleti [13:37] Kshitij [13:37] Aniet Uttam [13:37] Anupama Shipurkar [13:37] yurii pylypchuk [13:37] Akshay Gaikwad [13:37] pooja kumari singh [13:37] Akshay Shipurkar [13:37] Gaurav Sitlani [13:37] Rishav [13:37] Ranjeet kumar [13:37] Pradhvan Bisht [13:37] mayur khomane [13:37] Mohd Omama [13:37] Vamsi Krishna [13:38] Ishank Gupta [13:38] girish joshi [13:38] wrik003, dhairyya I was talking about file 'null' which is in '/', I was just describing the file with it's path. [13:39] yes it is there bhavin192 [13:39] Mriyam Tamuli [13:39] bhavin192, ok [13:39] bhavin192, what about it? [13:39] Apoorv Goel [13:39] Onyinye Madubuko [13:39] Priyansh sourav [13:39] So, yesterday the task was to read the FHS document, do you have any query from the last class session? [13:39] wrik003, wanted to verify if it exist for everyone [13:40] No [13:40] sayan, couldn't go through it properly. didn't have much time. [13:40] bhavin192, ok. [13:40] Roll call: Ashwani Kumar Gupta [13:41] Wow, nobody has queries, I guess this is the first time in years [13:41] sayan: a repository is required for mercurial? Is it a must? I can't do the commands on simple directory? [13:41] That's proves that either people understood everything or nothing [13:41] skarpy: you need to use the exclamation mark to ask the question [13:42] ! [13:42] next [13:42] skarpy Simple directory means ? [13:42] ! [13:42] is it good practice to have repos, code files in /opt? [13:42] sayan: I couldn't go through the doc throughly. Will need some more time [13:42] iKshitij: A simple folder [13:42] Sumit Sardana [13:43] iKshitij: simple folder [13:43] Kshithij Iyer [13:43] sayan, ai also need some more time. Could not go through the docs [13:43] naveen nayan [13:43] bhavin192: do you mean the source code of the project? [13:43] sayan, yes [13:43] dodococo: heard this term for the first time :) [13:44] iKshitij: Youll get used to it 👍 [13:44] since people could not complete reading the document, please read it now and ask question [13:45] try out different variety of things, raise questions in your mind [13:45] Hi , sorry i am late what topic going on ? [13:45] bhavin192: nope, we don't [13:45] sayan, could not read the document [13:45] ! [13:45] bhavin192: each of the language have their location [13:46] bhavin192: Are you using the root account, if not, I dont think you will be able to modify it by default. [13:46] ! [13:46] bhavin192: for example for Python you have /usr/lib/python3.5/site-packages/ [13:46] so when you install the packages the source file goes into that directory [13:47] if you are using nodejs, it uses something called node_modules [13:47] dodococo, no I'm not using root account. [13:47] sayan, but for our own projects? [13:48] bhavin192: if you are doing development, you would be using the home(~) [13:48] ! [13:49] ! [13:49] whereas if you are distributing, you need to write the setup script in a way so that it copies the file to the given location [13:49] next [13:49] Repository as in software repository containing packages, the one with .Repo extensions, not simple directory, are those mercurial commands available for them? I am a bit confused about this, can u please explain? [13:50] sayan, actually I have mounted one 80GB volume in /opt, I will consider mounting it somewhere else. [13:50] ! [13:50] bhavin192: yes [13:51] What does cd stand for when using in terminal? [13:51] skarpy: I did not get your question quite properly [13:51] rkased: you need to wait for your turn [13:51] skarpy: and it's you not 'u' [13:51] change directory rkbased [13:51] rkased: change directory [13:51] sayan: can you please explain mercurial? [13:51] ! [13:51] Where can I use? [13:52] ! [13:52] skarpy: not now, we will have a class on version control management [13:52] skarpy: we will explain git [13:52] skarpy: Did you try googling it first ? [13:52] dodococo: i googled and got more confused [13:52] ! [13:52] skarpy: ask after the class [13:52] next [13:52] next [13:52] difference between fork and exec system call ? [13:53] I am unable to use commands.It shows some or the other errors.If package installation is required then also I am getting error messages [13:53] Ok sayan . [13:53] ! [13:53] rkased: please wait for your turn [13:53] can someone please send me the yesterdays link for bash command [13:54] im_mohsin, [13:54] im_mohsin: http://summertraining.readthedocs.io/en/latest/fhs.html [13:54] ! [13:54] aditya_: so suppose you have a process, p [13:55] aditya_: so if you are doing a fork system call, in layman terms, it would be it would make a copy of the process it's forking [13:55] zetathon, link is not opening [13:55] aditya_: it would have a different PID (Process ID), and there would not be two process running [13:55] im_mohsin, opens fine for me. [13:56] aditya_: the term fork in computer science means to copy [13:56] im_mohsin, try reloading it, I'm currently using it - working fine for me [13:56] Sorry Late again, Bhavesh Gupta [13:56] anuGupta: What type of errors? [13:56] wrik003, i bookmarked yesterday and now when i open its not opening the pdf and same with link shared by zetathon [13:56] ! [13:57] sorry I'm late, [13:57] aditya_: and the exec call would be used to basically replace the process p [13:57] Roll call: Ravicharan [13:57] [13:57] Dodococo: failure [13:57] anuGupta: which commands you cannot use? [13:57] ! [13:57] hg status [13:57] exec is like context switching the running process?? [13:57] im_mohsin, wait I'll send u one more link [13:58] anuGupta: it will not work on simple creating a text file and deleting it inside a folder [13:58] im_mohsin, try this one < http://tille.garrels.be/training/bash/ > [13:59] anuGupta: why are you trying out mercurial? You were not given to read that [13:59] next [13:59] what is the best practice to install anaconda to? I have it in home, but I run into problems when making things available system wide, and it feels not right to always point to the executables in my home directory [13:59] ! [13:59] ! [14:00] The first link for beginners.I am reading that. [14:00] Yeah now this works. thank you zetathon, wrik003 [14:01] anuGupta: leave mercurial part(containing hg commands) for now, git will be discussed in upcoming classes, wait for that. [14:01] ! [14:01] schubisu: why are you reading anaconda, was that given in the fhs document that we gave? [14:01] ! [14:02] Please ask question from the FHS document or else you can discuss it after the class [14:02] next [14:02] sayan, sorry, it's because I wonder about the location where to store that [14:02] ! [14:03] ! [14:03] <{tHEbIgtHEb}> anuGupta: I think you are going to the next chapter. The chapter on mercurial is after the FHS chapter http://summertraining.readthedocs.io/en/latest/fhs.html. The FHS chapter has links to the log of an older class and the the link to the FHS specification. [14:03] ? [14:03] While reading through the kusha'ls FHS log, I tried to access /dvd after getting in /dev but was unable to. what could be the issue that I'm arriving at? [14:03] I have read the log [14:03] schubisu: we can discuss it after the class, there are lot of new people who might not now what is anaconda, so they might not follow [14:03] sayan, okay, thank you [14:04] anuGupta: cool, so you can ask question from the log [14:04] Ok [14:04] rkased, you can access /dev/dvd not /dvd [14:05] When I do that it says, it is not a directory? [14:05] rkased: yes, you need to access /dev/dvd [14:05] rkased, you may not have /dev/dvd I have /dev/cdrom [14:06] I see the dvd when I use the ls command in /dev [14:06] rkased: did you try to do a ls inside /dev and see if dvd exists? [14:06] rkased, that is a device file. [14:06] yes I do see dvd and also dvdrw [14:07] Sry guys but not full understanding what we are discussing right now [14:07] rkased: as kushal said it's a device file [14:07] sayan, I do not have "dvd" inside /dev , I have "/dev/disk" and "/dev/dri" [14:07] Is batul not working? [14:07] ok [14:07] #hello [14:08] prashaant: do you have a dvd drive? [14:08] ssach96: we are dicussing question from http://summertraining.readthedocs.io/en/latest/fhs.html [14:08] ssach96: have you read the logs? [14:08] next [14:08] sayan, yes [14:08] when /bin contains all the commands needed by all the users than why do we need /usr/bin? [14:08] ! [14:08] ! [14:08] No my first day [14:09] I am also not having "dvd" inside /dev [14:09] samridhia, It is okay if you don't have. [14:09] sayan, what is symbolic link? [14:09] I also don't have "dvd" [14:09] prashaant: samridhia: even if you have a dvd drive it's possible you don't have that file [14:09] sayan, ok [14:10] prashaant: samridhia: it could be in there with a different name [14:10] dhairyya, https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/UsrMove [14:10] zetathon: a shortcut [14:10] ! [14:10] What are patch commands? [14:10] zetathon it was there in this log https://dgplug.org/irclogs/rishi_3rdclass.log [14:10] sayan, ok will check [14:10] i am having dev/dri/ [14:10] next [14:10] sry the question was from Mercurial , i will ask in that class [14:10] thanks kushal [14:10] imranjeetsingh_, What is sry? [14:10] imranjeetsingh_: what is sry? [14:11] :p [14:11] next [14:11] sayan, i have "/dev/cdrom" [14:11] when we as a standard user perform any command using sudo. In settings, the status for that user changes to administrator, then what is the benefit of using standard one? [14:11] prashaant: that could be the one [14:11] ! [14:12] sayan: As this happens with me in Ubuntu. [14:12] ihp if we work in standard mood then we cannot alter any file by mistake [14:12] ihp: first of all I don't understand what do you mean by settings here, but you question is what is the use of normal user when the user can become admin? [14:13] ! [14:13] next [14:13] sayan: system settings, from where we can graphically add or delete users. [14:13] sayan: yes, that was the question. [14:13] I just want to ask, what are patch commands and how can I use it [14:13] ihp: cool [14:13] shivams334: don't ask out of turn [14:14] ls [14:14] shivams334, Have you googled it? [14:14] sorry [14:14] or searched any other search engine. [14:14] yup [14:14] ! [14:14] I didn't got that [14:15] I will go through it again [14:15] Is this a beginners session cause the link have things way out of my league i am a teen learning programming languages and you are already disscussing respiratory [14:15] ihp: so, it could be possible that you have a user on your machine to whom you don't want to give sudo access [14:15] ihp: to prevent accidents, you can mess up your installation if you change permissions or delete important files by mistake. [14:16] dodococo: got the point. [14:16] next [14:16] sayan: we refrain that user from installing any packages and any accidents will be prevented. [14:16] So I was going through the 2nd section of the FHS and came accross static files and variable files. When I do sudo apt-get install, my intuition is that since I have been using sudo the file type has to be static [14:16] but I use that package and manipulate data without the admin access, so does it mean that the file system of variable type ? [14:17] sayan: dodococo: thanks [14:17] ! [14:17] ihp: a lot of things, a normal user cannot add malicious code into the computer [14:17] @kushal did any session happen today? and how many sessions will be happening per week? [14:17] ganesh_nomula: the session is going on [14:18] how do i join the session? [14:18] @sayan [14:18] ihp: Your welcome ;D [14:18] devendra bhat [14:18] ganesh_nomula, you are already in the session [14:19] ! [14:19] next [14:19] Too many distractions. Difficult to follow the discussion. can you please enforce etiquette?, thanks [14:19] cran-cg: sorry, had a call [14:20] naveejka, problem with new IRC users, no direct way. [14:20] cran-cg: where was the package installed? [14:20] naveejka, Though you gave me an idea. We will fix it in future. [14:21] ! [14:21] next [14:21] sayan /usr [14:21] does exec works on context switching method? [14:21] aditya_, I don't remember what does it mean by context switching method, can you elaborate? [14:22] cran-cg: that's weird, because if you are doing a apt get install, then you should not be able to edit the pacakge [14:22] cran-cg: without the root or, the sudo access [14:22] context switching means to forcely switching the running process with a high priority process [14:23] ! [14:23] aditya_: nope [14:23] sayan: Let me check. [14:24] How can i interact with lost+found ? [14:24] aditya_: read this one: https://stackoverflow.com/a/4205020 [14:24] next [14:24] okay thanks [14:24] aditya_, not necessarily a context switch can take place based on many condition of which scheduling high priority process to the CPU is one [14:25] ya i just give a particular situation to explain context switch [14:25] next [14:25] Can questions about FHS be asked tomorrow too? [14:25] jiteshpabla, Yes [14:25] jiteshpabla: yes [14:25] Btw, everyone this is the FAQ: http://summertraining.readthedocs.io/en/latest/faq.html [14:25] jiteshpabla: you also don't need to wait for the session, you can ask after the class. [14:25] Which I forgot to share before :( [14:26] kushal sayan: Ok, thank you [14:26] jiteshpabla: but if you ask in class other people can also interact [14:26] next [14:26] I was having a doubt with what does recursive create directories and remove directory mean? [14:27] samridhia:: It means the change will be effected on child folders [14:27] samridhia, think like this /a/b/c/d [14:27] I did not understand what did you mean by recursive create directories [14:27] "child folders" of the folder you are making a change to. [14:27] Now if you remove a recursively, it will not only remove a but all the childs [14:28] sayan, I guess mkdir -p a/b/c/d [14:28] sayan: that's great, thanks! [14:28] kushal: oh ok [14:28] kushal: got it [14:28] next [14:28] How can i interact with lost+found? [14:28] sayan: Say I used dpkg -L tree. The location shows me /usr/bin /usr/share/ [14:29] *console logs [14:29] Am I giving a wrong command sayan? [14:29] ! [14:29] singh123: The exact same question https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/18154/236016 [14:30] singh123: if you have stuff in there, you can access it [14:30] I haven't accessed lost+found myself, afaik it usually needed after a crash recovery [14:31] cran-cg: I don't know about dpkg -L, that's ubuntu specific [14:31] cran-cg: let's see this after the class [14:31] cran-cg: ping me [14:31] next [14:31] thanks dodococo,sayan [14:31] cran-cg: but the basic idea is, you should not be able to access :) [14:31] next [14:31] sayan, Even I am having problem which I can not access anything inside /dev. But When I do ls I can see the folders. Whenever I try to do cd inside that it says dvd(also cdrom) not a directory [14:32] balaji: that is because it is not a directory [14:32] balaji: They are files [14:32] those are files [14:32] sayan: Thanks :)) [14:32] next [14:32] then how can go inside that [14:32] Why Github is preferred more than Gitlab and Bitbucket ? [14:32] balaji just the way you access files [14:33] ! [14:33] ? [14:33] balaji: mount something there and then try cd [14:33] apsknight: is Github/Gitlab/Bitbucket related to FHS in any way? [14:34] apsknight, mechanism is same but github is popular now a days. [14:34] balaji: when you insert the drive you can access them, you can also alternatively mount the drive and access it [14:34] in that case you can `cd` into it [14:34] sayan, dhairyya, dodococo Thanks . Will try that [14:34] next [14:34] Then, why should we use standard user cause we might need sudo access many times? Asking because in the logs they joked to try rm -rf / (which I never won't) to all root users. [14:35] @kushal this is my first session actually. So, sessions are something where we have to discuss about homeworks? [14:35] ihp: to do day to day stuffs [14:35] sayan: Do you use standard user or administrator user? Just to know personal preference. [14:36] ihp: the confusion is because you have access to both, consider a server where I don't have the access to root [14:36] so in that case I am a limited user, I cannot install malicious packages, change config files [14:37] ganesh_nomula, or learn a new thing if there is any live thing. [14:37] ihp: the normal user, I rarely even use sudo [14:37] then how do you install softwares [14:38] @kushal where can i find all the logs? [14:38] ganesh_nomula, https://dgplug.org/irclogs/2017/ [14:38] ihp: i.e. whenever I use sudo that is for installing softwares [14:38] next [14:38] As i joined the session late, can you please tell which all topics have been covered till now, n also links [14:38] devendrabhat: please the word is *and* [14:38] sayan: Ok. :) [14:38] ganesh_nomula, Also only ask when it is your turn. [14:38] ! [14:38] sorry* [14:39] devendrabhat: we are discussing http://summertraining.readthedocs.io/en/latest/fhs.html [14:39] next [14:39] next [14:39] I am really confused between hard link, soft links [14:39] why do we need these two different concepts? [14:39] ihp: what is your confusion? [14:39] and what is benefit over copy command? [14:40] @kushal, i couldn’t find day 3 logs will it take time to upload. and sure ill ask when it’s my turn. [14:40] ihp: well the benefit of the copy command is to copy, I guess [14:40] ihp: soft link is the shortcut and the hard link is the replica, if you modify the replica it modifies the original file. [14:40] and how many sessions will be held per week? [14:41] ganesh_nomula, you are still asking in the middle of the session [14:41] @kushal batul told me to ask [14:41] ganesh_nomula, I can see three logs at https://dgplug.org/irclogs/2017/ [14:41] ganesh_nomula, Okay, my mistake. [14:41] dodococo: ihp's question is "Why do they exists" [14:41]